Pontiac Firebird

Pontiac Firebird/Trans Am

Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	1967–2002 (1969–2002 Trans Am)
Successor	Pontiac GTO (2004–2006)
Class	Pony car
Layout	FR layout
Platform	F-body
Related	Chevrolet Camaro

The Pontiac Firebird was built by the Pontiac division of General Motors between 1967 and 2002. The Firebird was introduced the same year as its platform-sharing cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro. This coincided with the release of the 1967 Mercury Cougar, which shared its platform with another pony car, the Ford Mustang.

The vehicles were, for the most part, powered by various V8 engines of different GM divisions. While primarily Pontiac-powered until 1977, Firebirds were built with several different engines from nearly every GM division until 1982 when all Pontiac engines were dropped in favor of corporate units.^[1]

First generation (1967–1969)

First generation

Production	1967–1969 (Firebird) 1969 (Trans Am)
Assembly	Van Nuys, California, United States Norwood, Ohio, United States
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible
Engine(s)	230 CID Pontiac OHC I6 326 CID Pontiac V8 350 CID Pontiac V8 400 CID Pontiac V8
Related	Chevrolet Camaro

1968 (left) and 1969 (right) Pontiac Firebird convertibles

The first generation Firebirds had a characteristic Coke bottle styling. Unlike its cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro, its bumpers were integrated into the design of the front end and its rear "slit" taillights were inspired by the Pontiac GTO. Both a two-door hardtop and a convertible were offered through the 1970 model year (the next generation, minus the convertible, being announced as 1970½ models). Originally the car was a "consolation prize" for Pontiac, who had initially wished to produce a two-seat sports car of its own design, based on the original Banshee concept car. However, GM feared such a vehicle would directly compete with Chevrolet's Corvette, and the decision was made to give Pontiac a piece of the pony car market by having them share the F-body platform with Chevrolet.

The base model Firebird came equipped with the OHC inline-6 and a single-barrel carburetor. The next model, the Sprint, had a four-barrel carburetor, developing 215 hp (160 kW). Most buyers opted for one of the V8 engines: the 326 CID (5.3 L) with a two-barrel carburetor producing 250 hp (186 kW); the "H.O." (High Output) engine of the same displacement, but with a four-barrel carburetor and producing 285 hp (213 kW); or the 400 CID (6.6 L) from the GTO with 325 hp (242 kW). A "Ram Air" option was also available in 1968, providing functional hood scoops, higher flow heads with stronger valve springs, and a different camshaft. Power for the Ram Air package was the same as the conventional 400 H.O., but the engine peaked at a higher RPM. The 230 CID (3.8 L) engines were subsequently replaced by 250 CID (4.1 L) ones, the first developing 175 hp (130 kW) using a single-barrel carburetor, and the other 215 hp (160 kW) with a four-barrel carburetor. Also for the 1968 model, the 326 CID (5.3 L) engine was replaced by one with a displacement of 350 CID (5.7 L). An "H.O." version of the 350 CID with a revised cam was also offered starting in that year, developed 320 hp (240 kW). Power output of the other engines was increased marginally. In 1969, a $725 optional handling package called the "Trans Am Performance and Appearance Package,", named after the Trans Am Series, which included a rear spoiler, was introduced. Of these first "Trans Ams," only 689 hardtops and eight convertibles were made. There was an additional Ram Air IV option for the 400 CID engine during that year, complementing the Ram Air III; these generated 345 and 335 hp (250 kW) respectively. The 350 "H.O." engine was revised again with a different cam and cylinder heads resulting in 330 hp (250 kW). During 1969 a special 303 cu in (5 L) engine was designed for SCCA road racing applications that was not available in production cars.^[2]

The styling difference from the 1967 to the 1968 model was the addition of Federally mandated side marker lights: for the front of the car, the blinkers were made larger and extended to wrap around the front edges of the car, and on the rear, the Pontiac (V-shaped) Arrowhead logo was added to each side. The front door vent-windows were replaced with single panes glass. The 1969 model received a major facelift with a new front end design made of an Endura bumper housing the headlights and grilles. The instrument panel and steering wheel were revised. The ignition switch was moved from the dashboard to the steering column with the introduction of GM's new locking ignition switch/steering wheel.

Due to engineering problems that delayed the introduction of the all-new 1970 Firebird beyond the usual fall debut, Pontiac continued production of 1969 model Firebirds into the early months of the 1970 model year (the other 1970 Pontiac models had been introduced on September 18, 1969). By late spring of 1969, Pontiac had deleted all model-year references on Firebird literature and promotional materials, anticipating the extended production run of the then-current 1969 models.

Second generation (1970–1981)

Second generation

Production	1970–1981 (all models)
Assembly	Van Nuys, California, United States Norwood, Ohio, United States
Body style(s)	2-door coupe
Engine(s)	250 cu in (4.1 L) I6 301 CID (4.9 L) Pontiac V8 301 CID (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8 305 CID (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8 350 CID (5.7 L) Pontiac V8 400 CID (6.5 L) Pontiac V8 403 CID (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8 455 CID (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
Related	Chevrolet Camaro

1974 Firebird Formula

1978 Firebird Trans Am

1981 Turbo Trans Am

The second generation debut for the 1970 model year was delayed until February 26, 1970, because of tooling and engineering problems; thus, its popular designation as a 1970½ model, while leftover 1969s were listed in early Pontiac literature without a model-year identification.^[3]

Replacing the "Coke bottle" styling was a more "swoopy" body style, with the top of the rear window line going almost straight down to the lip of the trunk lid—a look that was to epitomize F-body styling for the longest period during the Firebird's lifetime. The new design was initially characterized with a large C-pillar, until 1975 when the rear window was enlarged.

There were two Ram Air 400 cu in (6.6 L) engines for 1970: the 335 hp (250 kW) Ram Air III (366 hp (273 kW) in GTO) and the 345 hp (257 kW) Ram Air IV (370 hp (280 kW) in GTO) that were carried over from 1969. The difference between the GTO and Firebird engines was the secondary carburetor linkage which prevented the rear barrels from opening. Bending the linkage to allow full carburator operation resulted in identical engines.

A distinctive, slant-nose facelift occurred in 1977, redone somewhat in 1979. From 1977 to 1981, the Firebird used four square headlamps, while the Camaro continued to retain the two round headlights that had previously been shared by both Second Generation designs. Curb weights rose dramatically in the 1973 model year due to the implementation of 5 mph (8.0 km/h) telescoping bumpers and various other crash and safety related structural enhancements; SD455 Trans Ams weighed in at 3,850 lb (1,750 kg).

The 455 engine available in the second generation Firebird Trans Am was arguably the last high-performance engine of the original muscle car generation. The 455 cu in (7.5 L) engine first made its appearance in 1971 as the 455-HO. In 1973 and 1974, a special version of the 455, called the SD-455, was offered. The SD-455 consisted of a strengthened cylinder block that included 4-bolt main bearings and added material in various locations for improved strength. Original plans called for a forged crankshaft, although actual production SD455s received nodular iron crankshafts with minor enhancements. Forged rods and forged aluminum pistons were specified, as were unique high flow cylinder heads. A 1967 GTO Ram Air camshaft with 301/313 degrees of advertised duration, 0.407 inch net valve lift, and 76 degrees of valve overlap was specified for actual production engines in lieu of the significantly more aggressive Ram Air IV style cam that had originally been planned for the engine (initially rated at 310 hp (230 kW) with that cam), but proved incapable of meeting the tightening emissions standards of the era. This cam, combined with a low compression ratio of 8.4 (advertised) and 7.9:1 actual resulted in 290 SAE net horsepower. Production test cars yielded 1/4 mile times in the 14.5 second/98 MPH range in showroom tune - results consistent for a car with a curb weight of 3,850 pounds and the rated 290 SAE net horsepower figure some sources suggest was "under-rated," High Performance Pontiac magazine dyno-tested an SD and gave it 371 SAE net rating. During a 1972 strike, the Firebird (and the sister F-body Camaro) were nearly dropped.^[4] Pontiac offered the 455 for a few more years, but tightening restrictions on vehicle emissions guaranteed its demise. Thus, the 1976 Trans Am was the last of the "Big Cube Birds," with only 7,100 units produced with the 455 engine.

The 1974 models featured a redesigned "shovel-nose" front end and new wide "slotted" taillights. In 1974, Pontiac offered two base engines for the Firebird: a 100 hp (75 kW) 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 and a 155 hp (116 kW) 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8. Available were 175 hp (130 kW) to 225 hp (168 kW) 400 cu in (6.6 L) V8 engines, as well as the 455 cu in (7.5 L) produced 215 hp (160 kW) or 250 hp (190 kW), while the SD-455 produced 290 hp (220 kW). The 400, 455, and SD-455 engines were offered in the Trans Am and Formula models during 1974

The 1975 models featured a new wraparound rear window with a revised roofline. The Super Duty engines, Muncie 4-speed, and TurboHydramatic were no longer available in 1975. The 400 and 455 engines were optional above the base six and V8 in the 1975 and 1976 models.

In 1976, Pontiac celebrated their 50th Anniversary, and a special edition of the Trans Am was released. Painted in black with gold accents, this was the first anniversary Trans Am package and the first production Black and Gold special edition. In 1977, Pontiac offered the T/A 6.6 Litre 400 (RPO W72) rated at 200 hp (150 kW), as opposed to the regular 6.6 Litre 400 (RPO L78) rated at 180 hp (130 kW). In addition, California and high altitude cars received the Olds 403 engine, which offered a slightly higher compression ratio and a more usable torque band than the Pontiac engines of 1977.

Beginning in 1978, Pontiac engineers reversed years of declining power by raising the compression ratio in the Pontiac 400 through the installation of different cylinder heads with smaller combustion chambers (1977 pontiac 400 engines also had the 350 heads bolted to the 400 blocks, these heads were known as the 6x-4 heads)(taken from the Pontiac 350). This increased power by 10% for a total of 220 during the 1978-79 model years. The 400/403 options remained available until 1979, when the 400 CID engines were only available in the 4-speed transmission Trans Ams and Formulas (the engines had actually been stockpiled from 1978, when PMD had cut production of the engine). 1979 marked the 10th Anniversary of the Trans Am, and a special anniversary package was made available: silver paint with a silver leather interior. The 10th Anniversary cars also featured a special Firebird hood decal, which extended off of the hood and onto the front fenders. In 1979 Pontiac sold 116,535 Trans Ams which still holds the record to this day. In 1980, due to ever-increasing emissions restrictions, Pontiac dropped all of its large displacement engines.

1980 therefore saw the biggest engine changes for the Trans Am. The 301, offered in 1979 as a credit option, was now the standard engine. Options included a turbocharged 301 or the Chevrolet 305 small block.

In the final year of the Second Generation Firebirds (1981), Trans Am still used the same engines as it had in the previous model year, with the only change being the addition of a new electronic carburetion system.

Third generation (1982–1992)

Third generation
1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am Convertible(TTA)
Production	1982–1992
Assembly	Van Nuys, California, United States Norwood, Ohio, United States
Body style(s)	3-door hatchback coupe, 2 door convertible
Layout	front engine, rear wheel drive
Platform	GM F-Body, uni-body chassis
Engine(s)	151 CID (2.5 L) Pontiac I4 173 CID (2.8 L) "X" V6 191 CID (3.1 L) "X" V6 231 CID (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6 305 CID (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8 350 CID (5.7 L) Chevrolet V8
Transmission(s)	3-speed automatic 4-speed automatic 4-speed manual 5-speed manual
Wheelbase	101 in (2565 mm)
Length	1990–92 Firebird: 195.1 in (4956 mm) 1990-92 Trans Am: 195.2 in (4958 mm) Pre-1988 Firebird: 190.5 in (4839 mm) Pre-1988 Trans Am: 191.8 in (4872 mm)
Width	72.4 in (1839 mm)
Height	49.7 in (1262 mm)
Related	Chevrolet Camaro

The availability and cost of gasoline (two fuel crises had occurred by this time) meant the weight and the fuel consumption of the 3rd generation had to be considered in the design. In F-body development, both the third generation Firebird and Camaro were proposed as possible front wheel drive platforms, but the idea was scrapped. The state of the art of computerized engine management was in its infancy, and as long as saving fuel was the primary objective, it was not possible to have high horsepower and torque numbers. They did manage to cut enough weight from the design so that acceleration performance would be better than the 1981 models. They also succeeded in the fuel consumption department, offering a 4-cylinder Firebird that would provide 34 miles per gallon.^[5] GM executives decided that engineering effort would best be spent on aerodynamics and chassis development. They created a modern platform, so that when engine technology advanced, they would have a well balanced package with acceleration, braking, handling, and aerodynamics. For the time being, they would have world class aerodynamics and handling, and excellent fuel economy. (Little did they know that by 1989 the fastest American car on the market would be a Firebird.^[6])

The Firebird and Camaro had been completely redesigned, with the windshield slope set at 60 degrees, (about 3 degrees steeper than anything GM had ever tried before), and for the first time, a large, glass-dominated hatchback that required no metal structure to support it. Two pop-up headlights, a first on the F-Body cars, are the primary characteristic that distinguishes the 3rd Gen Firebird from its both its Camaro sibling and its prior form; (a styling characteristic carried into the 4th Gen's design). In addition to being about 500 lbs (227 kg) lighter than the previous 2nd Gen design, the 3rd Generation Firebird was the most aerodynamic product GM had ever released. Wind tunnels were used to form the new F-Body platform's shape, and Pontiac took full advantage of it. The aerodynamic developments extended to the finned aluminum wheels with smooth "Bowling Ball" caps & a spoiler that was functional.

The 1982 Firebirds were released with 3 models: Firebird, Firebird S/E, & Firebird Trans Am; and the Firebird Formula was retired. In an effort to trim production costs, the new Firebird had more in common with the Camaro than ever before. The cars now shared over 60% of their parts with each other. The "Firebird" was still the base model and equivalent to its sibling, the Chevy "Camaro Sport Coupe". Newly introduced for 1982 was the "Firebird S/E", a mid-level version, which could be ordered with almost as many options as the Trans Am, including "RPO WS6", Pontiac's performance suspension. The "Trans Am" was the top model. Managers wanted to drop the "Trans Am" badges to save the $5 per car royalty paid to the SCCA for use of the name. Early promotional cars were even marked "T/A" as an alternative, however it was decided that it would be more trouble than it was worth and the "Trans Am" moniker remained. The Trans Am also received an optional "Turbo Bulge" hood, styled loosely after the earlier 1980/'81 Turbo Trans Am. Plans were made for a refined version of Pontiac's Turbo 4.9 L engine, but it was scrapped. However, a bulged "Turbo Hood" remained, and was optional on the Trans Am. On Trans Am's with the "Crossfire" throttle body injected 305, the hood was made functional with a special cold air induction system. For the first part of 1982, a special Aluminum version of this hood was also available as an extra cost option on the Trans Am. The Black and Gold "Trans Am S/E", aka "RPO Y84" continued on into its new form as the limited edition "Recaro T/A", featuring Dark Gray Parella cloth covered Recaro seats, and a list of special features. The new Trans Am was also selected to pace the 1982 Daytona 500, a Bright Red version was chosen and a Daytona 500 Pace Car Edition was sold through Pontiac dealers in limited numbers.

Pontiac offered a lengthy list of interior amenities, such as the Viscount "PMD" seats, locking rear floor panel, cloth covered interior panels, power windows/ mirrors/ locks/ rear hatch, a leather interior package: seats/ steering wheel rim/ shift knob (auto or manual)/ parking brake handle, etc. Several engines were available: the standard economy minded fuel-injected 90 hp 2.5L 4 cylinder Pontiac "Iron Duke" (marking the 1st time a 4-cylinder engine was offered in a Firebird, the last "True" Pontiac designed engine offered); a 102 hp 2.8L V6; and two Chevy 5.0L V8s, (305ci). The first and most common was the LG4 305ci, utilizing GM's "Computer Command Control", an electronically assisted carburetor/distributor system, it produced 145 hp (108 kW). The other was the new LU5 "Crossfire" fuel-injected 305, which employed an electronically controlled, twin throttle-body fuel injection system, similar to that used in the 1982 Corvette's 5.7L, and produced 165 hp (123 kW). Available transmissions were the TH-200C 3 speed automatic on 4, 6, & some LG4 V8 cars, the venerable TH-350 automatic was used on most V-8's, and the very sturdy Borg-Warner 4 speed was the only manually shifted transmission available. The base Firebird came standard with 14-inch (360 mm) steel wheels; optional 14-inch aluminum rims, and 15-inch (380 mm) aluminum wheels were available on the S/E and Trans Am models. RPO WS6 retuned for 1982, available on both the S/E and Trans Am, it included 4-wheel disc brakes, P215/65R15 Goodyear Eagle GT radials with 15-inch (380 mm) cast aluminum wheels, stiffer springs, a 34mm front and 23mm rear sway bars, a fast ratio 12.7:1 Saginaw steering box, and RPO G80 limited slip GM "Corporate" 7.5 inch 10 bolt rear differential. Also optional was the WS7 option, which was the same as the WS6, but used rear drum brakes instead of the 4-wheel disc brakes. This option was created due to a shortage components for the rear disc set-up.

In 1983, a few interior changes were made and some options were deleted, most notably the Aluminum Trans Am hood. The Trans Am was again selected as the 1983 Daytona 500 Pace Car, but this time Pontiac took full advantage of the occasion and offered a total of 2500, Special Edition Daytona Pace Car replicas through their dealerships. The limited-edition cars featured a new aerodynamic "RPO W62" full body ground effects package that extended around the entire car with filler panels in place of the nose grilles, further reducing the Trans Am's drag co-efficient. The "RPO Y84" Recaro T/A was no longer a Limited Edition, but now became an option on the Trans Am. Its interior now featured a Tan Leather Recaro seats and a Tan interior. Also for 1983, two new transmissions were released: the TH-700R4 4 speed automatic with an overdrive gear and the T-5 Borg-Warner 5 speed manual, which employed a 5th gear overdrive, both maximizing fuel economy with overdrive through reduced RPMs on the highway. About halfway through 1983, the "H.O. 5.0L", (RPO L69), a 9:5:1 compression, "CCC" controlled Chevy 305ci engine was released, with 190 bhp/240 lb.ft.of torque and was given its own version of the cold air induction system. Savvy buyers who ordered the L69 with the manual T-5 transmission got the bonus of standard 3.73:1 ratio axle gears.

In 1984, the Firebird achieved its all time highest sales figures for the 3rd Generation design. The Trans Am became available with the same "RPO W62" ground effects package, used on the 1983 Daytona Pace Car replica, and new 20-slot, 15-inch "High-Tech" aluminum wheels were also available. The problematic Crossfire 305ci was discontinued. A new TH-700R4 automatic transmission featuring an overdrive gear became the only automatic transmission available. The T-5 Borg-Warner transmission now featured a hydraulic clutch system. The Recaro T/A was revised, losing its Gold painted lower areas for Black painted "RPO W62" ground effects and special Gold Pinstripes, similar to the pinstripes used on the 2nd Gen "Y84" Trans Am S/E. It was the last year of both Pontiac's Black and Gold RPO Y84 Trans Am and the Recaro T/A. Also for 1984, Pontiac celebrated the 15th Anniversary of the Trans Am by releasing a spectacular, White and Blue, limited-edition Trans Am. Only 1500 were built, 1000 automatics and 500 manual, and featured a list of special items.

1985 Trans Am with new fog lights, hood vents, and new optional hood bird "Screaming Chicken" decal

For 1985, Firebird models underwent a significant facelift and a number of improvements were introduced. The standard Firebird received a restyled nose cone and rear bumper with wrap-around inserts, known as "bumperettes". The interior underwent a major redesign as well. The dash was changed to a more elegant rounded-edge look, losing the Torx head aircraft gauge theme. The gauges themselves now featured a grid pattern on their background and Red indicator needles lit-up. A new "Formula" steering wheel, introduced only on the 1984 15 Anniversary Trans Am, was now optional on all Firebirds. A new, ergonomic center console was also introduced, featuring a soft rubberized surface, and offered much more support for the driver's right arm. The grid pattern theme was extended onto the radio/HVAC faceplate and console plate. With the loss of the Recaro T/A, Cloth Recaro seats were now made optional on all Firebirds. The carbureted 2.8L V6 was replaced with a new, multi-port fuel-injected 2.8L V6 making 135 hp (101 kW). The S/E lost its "S/E" script on the sail panels, replaced with color-coded Firebird logo medallions, similar to the version used on the 1983/'84 Recaro T/A. "Firebird S/E" decals were added to the front lower portion of the doors as well and a new flat hood, similar to the new Trans Am hood, featured only a pair of twin vents on the leading edge of the hood. For the Trans Am, a new fuel-injected V8 appeared, the LB9 Tuned Port Injection (TPI) Chevy 305ci, producing 210 hp (160 kW). It garnered suitable attention from buyers, but was unavailable with the T-5 manual transmission, leaving the LG4 305ci and the L69 H.O. 5.OL 305ci as the only V8's available with the T-5. The Trans Am "Turbo Bulge" hood was discontinued and a new flat hood with twin louvered vents at the leading edge of the hood and extractor vents on the left and right sides of the rear of the hood. Trans Am received a restyled nose with optional integral fog lights, a new rear bumper, smaller air extractors on the fenders, redesigned "W62" ground effects package, and an optional Black rubber wrap-around styled rear spoiler that increased rear downforce pressure. Also, the large "Screaming Chicken" hood bird decal option returned on the Trans Am's option list and reflected the new 3rd Gen design.

In 1986, the Firebird received a new tail light design, featuring a smooth, rounded design with a large internal blackout grid and a matching center section featuring a Silver Firebird logo and "PONTIAC" script. Also new was a 3rd brake light mounted atop the rear hatch glass, (CHMSL), to comply with Federal legislation. Also in 1986, the 2.5L 4-cylinder engine was dropped and replaced by the multi-port fuel-injected 2.8L V6 as the standard engine. All Firebirds received an electric fan instead of the engine driven fan. Persistent overheating issues with the L69 caused GM to discontinue the engine early in the 1986 production run. The Trans Am was also given a new tail light design, featuring a smaller internal blackout grid theme and utilized a different center section featuring a separate Firebird logo. The rubber/vinyl wrap-around rear spoiler now became standard on Trans Am.

Trans Am GTA

1987 saw Pontiac's release of the new premium Trans Am: the GTA, and was designated Regular Production Option "Y84", (a return of Pontiac's Special Edition Trans Am RPO, but no longer as just a Black and Gold paint scheme). The GTA was available in an array of colors and options, featuring special seats with adjustable lumbar supports, a digital dash, monochromatic paint, and special badges among other top of the line options.

GTA Cockpit

Halfway thru 1987 the CHMSL 3rd brake light was moved down to the spoiler. In 1987, the "Firebird S/E" model was discontinued and the "Firebird Formula" made its return, marking an effort by Pontiac to revive its performance efforts, and was available with a choice of V8s (LG4, LB9 305 TPI, or L98 350 TPI), 16-inch convex wheels. It came standard with a non-functional version of the 1982–1984 Trans Am "Turbo Bulge" hood, base Firebird front and rear bumper covers, base fenders, and base tail light style. The wrap-around wing was updated and now standard on Trans Am and Formula; the regular, flat-surfaced spoiler from earlier Trans Am models was now made standard on Firebird. Trans Am and Formula were also offered with an optional 140 mph (230 km/h) speedometer. WS6 was standard equipment on the Formula and GTA.

The monochromatic GTA

In 1988, the Firebird saw few changes. The base Firebird was now available with a new Z20 Appearance Package, adding spats very similar to those used on the 2nd Gen Trans Am and a special fiberglass rear spoiler with a built in tail light. Also new, the GTA "Notchback", an optional fiberglass deck lid with a small flat window, similar to the Fiero notchback. It replaced the heavy, glass hatch window, but it suffered from poor fitment/quality issues and very few were actually produced.

The fastest 3rd generation Trans Am was the 1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am. It was selected to pace the 1989 Indianapolis 500, and Pontiac marketed a pace car replica, designating all 20th Anniversary cars as such.

1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am T-Top(TTA)

The 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am Indianapolis 500 pace car replica, (TTA for short), was based on the GTA, but had a high pressure turbocharged and intercooled Buick 3.8L V6, originally developed for the Buick Regal Grand National. 1,555 TTA's were produced, including 39 hardtops and 3 convertibles. The TTA was the quickest Trans Am to date. With a 0-60 time of 4.6 seconds, and a quarter mile time of 13.4 seconds, it was "the quickest 0-60 sprinter available in any US production-car showroom – at any price."^[7] The top speed reported by Motor Trend Magazine was 162 mph. It had the highest top speed of any American car available at any price, and the highest top speed of any Trans Am ever built.^[8] With better acceleration than the Ferrari Testarossa and Lamborghini Countach, they were considered to be a performance bargain. They were however, the most expensive Trans Ams ever made. Including the option package discount, the MSRP was about $32,000 for a T-top model with leather seats. A buyer could buy three standard Firebirds or one Corvette for the cost of a Turbo Trans Am. The convertible Turbo Trans Am, of which only three were made, cost as much as $38,823.^[9]

Minor changes were made in 1990 Firebirds as they only received a half-year production run, as Pontiac labored to release the re-styled 1991 model. Another new appearance option was available on base Firebirds, giving them the T/A's nose cone, rear bumper, and ground effects, but not the hood, air extractor fenders, tail lights, or special rear wing.

1991 Firebird convertible with restyled nose

In 1991, all Firebirds received a re-styled nose, loosely fashioned after the "Banshee IV" show car while Pontiac was developing the all-new Fourth Generation platform. The Trans Am's ground effects were re-styled as well, and were made available on the base model Firebird. The Formula received no ground effects, and used a special version of the "Banshee" nosecone. Also new for 1991, the Trans Am and Firebird Formula received a flat, wrap-around wing, made of fiberglass, replacing the problematic rubber design used previously. The Trans Am and GTA received an updated, two-piece tail light design with "PONTIAC" scripted in orange across the panels. The center, high-mounted stop lamp was moved again, to inside the top edge of the rear hatch. The Formula was also the only 3rd Gen F-body available with T-tops and the TPI 350 engine, starting in Mid-1991. Also available, a return of the convertible, with the conversions done by ASC, whom a few years earlier had begun building the Camaro convertible. A special high performance Formula was also now available, the "Firehawk", built by "Street Legal Performance" aka SLP, and available through Pontiac dealers. Quite pricey and not well advertised at the time, only 8 were ordered. They included a lengthy list of standard and optional high performance goodies, and all included the Aluminum Turbo hoods leftover from Pontiac's 1982 Trans Am inventory.

1992 marked the final production year for the 3rd Generation F-Body platform and, as release of the Fourth Generation model was imminent, few changes were made to the Firebird lineup. One notable improvement was the addition of a new bonding agent used to affix the body panels, which stiffened the cars and reduced the amount of welding needed. The extra bonding was also an attempt to correct the long time complaints of squeaks and rattles, allowing GM to test new technologies before the 1993 release of the 4th Gen F-Body platform. The SLP built Formula Firehawk entered into its second year of availability. Its production increased to 17 units, for a total of 25 between 1991 & 1992. For 1993, the SLP built Formula Firehawk would not be such a secret.

Fourth generation (1993–2002)

Fourth generation

Production	1993–2002
Body style(s)	3-door hatchback coupe 2-door convertible
Engine(s)	3.4 L L32 V6 3.8 L Buick V6 5.7 L LT1 V8 5.7 L LS1 V8
Transmission(s)	4-speed (TH700R4 93, 4L60E 94-02) automatic 5-speed 93-97 Borg Warner (V6 models), 93-97 Borg Warner T56 manual 6-speed manual 99-02 WorldClass Tremec T56
Wheelbase	101.1 in (2568 mm)
Length	1998–2002 Firebird: 193.3 in (4910 mm) 2000–02 Trans Am: 193.7 in (4920 mm) 1998–99 Trans Am: 193.8 in (4923 mm) 1998–99 Firebird: 193.3 in (4910 mm) 1993–97 Firebird: 195.6 in (4968 mm) 1993–97 Trans Am: 197 in (5004 mm)
Width	1998–2002: 74.4 in (1890 mm) 1993–97: 74.5 in (1892 mm)
Height	2000–02 Convertible & Trans Am: 51.8 in (1316 mm) 2000–02 Coupe: 51.2 in (1300 mm) 1993–99 Coupe & 1996–99 Trans Am: 52 in (1321 mm) Convertible: 52.7 in (1339 mm) 1994–99 Trans Am Convertible: 52.4 in (1331 mm) 1993–95 Trans Am: 51.7 in (1313 mm)
Curb weight	3,440 lb (1,560 kg) (5.7L LS1 Coupe) 3,284 lb (1,490 kg) (5.7L LT1 Coupe)
Related	Chevrolet Camaro

The fourth generation F-body continued the aerodynamic formula initiated by the previous generation, but saw declining sales. As before, the Camaro kept the exposed headlights and the Firebird its pop-up units, with some minor changes. The overall styling of the Firebird more strongly reflected the "Banshee IV" concept car than the 1991 "face lift" received by the Third Generation model.

1993–1997 Trans Am Convertible

1996 Firebird Formula with functional "Ram Air" hood

One of 12 1998 Pontiac Trans Ams in factory "Bright Purple Metallic"

The 1999 30^th Anniversary Trans Am

Joe Aquilante on the front stretch of Pocono Raceway 1999, to become SCCA National Champ in T-1

From 1993 until 1995 (1995 non-California cars), Firebirds received a 3.4L V6 with 160 hp (120 kW), or the 5.7L 275 hp (205 kW) LT1 V8. The 1993 Firehawk (only available in Formula trim for 1993) received the SLP package with a functional hood scoop and other performance enhancements that increased power to 300 hp (220 kW). Only 201 were built for 1993, with the same engine as in the 1993 Corvettes. The LT1 in the Formula and Trans Am was very similar to the one in the Corvette C4, except with 2-bolt mains and a more restrictive intake/exhaust system. The 1993 model year V6 models had angular cable driven throttle body units that later changed in 1994 to multi-port fuel injection.

The 1994 model year marked the 25^th Anniversary of the Trans Am, and another Anniversary Edition was released, painted white with a single blue stripe down the center of the vehicle that was reminiscent of the 1970 Trans Am.

The 1995 models were the same as those of previous years, but traction control (ASR: Acceleration Slip Regulation) was now available. The steering wheel was also changed. It was borrowed from the Grand Prix. An optional performance package included polyurethane bushings, suspension upgrades, as well as a freer intake/exhaust similar to that on the Chevrolet Corvette, supplying 315 hp, but this package was seldom ordered. The 'Perform Transmission' button was available only in the 1994 and 1995 Formula and Trans Am. This option was stopped for the 1996 and later models, but the connections are still there for 1996 and 1997 Formula and Trans Am.

The mid-1995 and later models had a 200 hp 3.8L V6 as the base engine, and the power rating of the LT1 had been raised to 285, due to a new dual catalytic converter exhaust system that was optional in previous years.

The 1997 Firehawk LT4 model, made by SLP Performance Parts and sold through Pontiac dealerships, had 330 hp (243 kW) and 340 ft·lbf (459 Nm) of torque.

In 1998, the Firebird received a "face lift" dominated by a new front fascia (now with four pop-up headlights) as well as other modifications, the most significant of which was the introduction of the latest Corvette small block V8 engine, the LS1. Initially, the color "Bright Purple Metallic" had been available, however it was discontinued due to poor sales. The color was replaced with "Navy Blue Metallic," but not before a total of 12 Trans Am models with the WS6 Ram Air package (10 coupés and 2 convertibles) made it out of the factory dressed in "Bright Purple Metallic."[1] For 1998–2002 Pontiac utilized the same heavy duty brakes, steering ratios, fuel pumps and shocks (non-WS6) on both V6 and V8 models.

The LS1 Firebirds, despite low sales, were one of the top performing F-bodies ever produced. The LS1/6-speed combination was capable of producing 300-320 horsepower to the wheels. Performance was slightly underated by GM marketing in fear of affecting the reputation of the more expensive and so-called superior Corvette. The all-aluminum 5.7 L V8 engine was sourced from the Corvette C5, and produced 305 hp (227 kW) at 5,200 rpm; 335 ft·lbf (454 N·m), and 454 Nm @ 4,000 rpm (310 after 2000) or 320 hp (325 after 2000) in the WS-6 "Ram Air" version. In 2001 and 2002, models equipped with a V8 received the high-flow LS6 intake manifold and a high-performance clutch. A Firehawk model, produced by SLP and sold through Pontiac dealerships, had 330 hp (335 after 2000, 345 in late 2002 models equipped with the optional Blackwing intake. The V6-equipped Firebirds were rated at 205 hp (153 kW).

Engine summary

First generation

1967: OHC 6 & Sprint, 326 CID V8, 326 CID V8 H.O., 400 CID, 400 CID Ram Air
1968: OHC 6 & Sprint; 350 CID; 350 H.O.; 400 CID; 400 CID H.O.; Ram Air II 400 CID (mid-year release)
1969: OHC 6 & Sprint; 350 CID; 350.H.O.; 400 CID; HO Ram Air III 400 CID; Ram Air IV 400 CID

Second generation

1970: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, Ram Air III 400 CID (Pontiac), Ram Air IV 400 CID (Pontiac).
1971: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, Base 455 CID, 455 CID H.O.(Low Compression)
1972: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, Base 455 CID, 455 CID H.O.(Low Compression)
1973: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, Base 455 CID, 455 CID H.O., 455 CID S.D.
1974: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, Base 455 CID, 455 CID H.O., 455 CID S.D.
1975: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, 455 CID V8
1976: 250 CID I6, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8, 455 CID V8
1977: 231 CID V6, 301 CID V8, 305 CID V8, 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8 (Pontiac), 403 CID V8 (Oldsmobile)
1978: 231 CID V6, 301 CID V8, 305 CID V8 (Chevrolet), 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8 (Pontiac), 403 CID V8 (Oldsmobile) Also Available was a 350 chevrolet engine
1979: 231 CID V6, 301 CID V8, 305 CID V8 (Chevrolet), 350 CID V8, 400 CID V8 (Pontiac), 403 CID V8 (Oldsmobile)
1980: 301 CID (Pontiac), 305 CID (automatic only, 463 special ed. Bandits produced) (Chevrolet), 301 CID Turbo (Pontiac)
1981: 301 CID (Pontiac), 305 CID (4-speed only) (Chevrolet), 301 CID Turbo (Pontiac)

Third generation

Starting in 1982, all engines were manufactured by Chevrolet unless otherwise indicated.

1982: 2.5 L 2-barrel I4 (Pontiac), 2.5 L Throttle Body Injection I4 (Pontiac), 2.8 L 2-barrel V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel V8(LG4), 5.0 L Cross-Fire Injection V8 (LU5), (first year for fuel injection in Trans Am)
1983: 2.5 L 2-barrel I4 (Pontiac), 2.5 L Throttle Body Injection I4 (Pontiac), 2.8 L 2-barrel V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel V8(LG4), 5.0 L Cross-Fire Injection V8 (LU5), 5.0L 4-barrel H.O. V8 (L69) (only 662 were made, all 5-speeds)
1984: 2.5 L Throttle Body Injection I4 (Pontiac), 2.8 L 2-barrel V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel V8 (LG4), 5.0 L 4-barrel H.O. V8 (L69)
1985: 2.5 L Throttle Body Injection I4 (Pontiac), 2.8 L 2-barrel V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel V8 (LG4), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.0 L 4-barrel H.O. V8 (L69) (5-speed only)
1986: 2.8 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel V8 (LG4), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.0vL 4-barrel H.O. V8 (L69) (5-speed only, 26 were built)
1987: 2.8 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L 4-barrel (LG4) V8, 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection (LB9) V8, 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98)
1988: 2.8 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L Throttle Body Injection V8 (LO3), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98)
1989: 2.8 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L Throttle Body Injection V8 (LO3), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98), 3.8 L Sequential Port Fuel Injection Turbocharged V6 (Buick) (only 1555 made)
1990: 3.1 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L Throttle Body Injection V8 (LO3), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98)
1991: 3.1 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L Throttle Body Injection V8 (LO3), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98)
1992: 3.1 L Multi-port Fuel Injection V6, 5.0 L Throttle Body Injection V8 (LO3), 5.0 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (LB9), 5.7 L Tuned Port Injection V8 (L98)

Fourth generation

1993: L32 3.4 L, LT1 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads)
1994: L32 3.4 L, LT1 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads)
1995: L32 3.4 L, L36 3.8 L, LT1 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads)
1996: L36 3.8 L, LT1 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads)
1997: L36 3.8 L, LT1 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads) / LT4 5.7 L (350 CID iron block, aluminum heads) in Firehawk by SLP
1998: L36 3.8 L, LS1 5.7 L (346 CID aluminum block and heads)
1999: L36 3.8 L, LS1 5.7 L (346 CID aluminum block and heads)
2000: L36 3.8 L, LS1 5.7 L (346 CID aluminum block and heads)
2001: L36 3.8 L, LS1 5.7 L (346 CID aluminum block and heads)
2002: L36 3.8 L, LS1 5.7 L (346 CID aluminum block and heads)

Performance

Engine	Year(s)	Power	0-60 mph	Top Speed	Comments
5.0 L-16V V8 (LB9)	1989–1992	225 bhp (168 kW)	< 6.6 s.	> 140 mph / 217 km/h	Formula model equipped with N10/MM5/GM3 option codes^[10]
Turbocharged 3.8 L V6 (LC2)	1989	250 bhp (190 kW)(underrated by GM, factory PAS dyno result was 303 bhp)	4.6 s.		20^th Anniversary Trans Am Pace Car^[11]
5.7 L-16V V8 (LT1)	1993–1997	275-285 bhp	5.4 s.	155 mph / 249 km/h (electronically limited)
5.7 L-16V V8 (LT1)	1996–1997 (ram air)	305 bhp (227 kW)	5.0.	155 mph / 249 km/h (electronically limited)
5.7 L-16V V8 (LS1)	1998–2000	310 bhp, trans am, 325 bhp WS.6	4.9.	167 mph / 260 km/h
5.7 L-16V V8 (LS1)	2001–2002	310 bhp, trans am, 325 bhp WS.6	4.7	167 mph / 265 km/h

Trans Am

Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

Manufacturer	General Motors
Class	Pony car
Body style(s)	2-door convertible 1969, 1987–1989 Pontiac sanctioned special edition, 1991–1992, 1994–2002 2-door coupe 1969–1981
Platform	F-body Production run: 1969–2002

1972 Pontiac Trans Am

1974 Pontiac Trans Am

1978 Pontiac Trans Am

1987 Pontiac Trans Am

A modified 3rd generation Trans Am used as KITT.

1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am Convertible (TTA)

The Trans Am was a specialty package for the Firebird, typically upgrading handling, suspension, and horsepower, as well as minor appearance modifications such as exclusive hoods, spoilers, fog lights and wheels. In using the name Trans Am, a registered trademark, GM agreed to pay $5 per car sold to the SCCA.^[12] Four distinct generations were produced between 1969 and 2002. These cars were built on the F-body platform, which was also shared by the Chevrolet Camaro.

The second generation was available from 1970 to 1981 and was featured in the 1977 movie Smokey and the Bandit, the 1978 movie Hooper and the 1980 movie Smokey and the Bandit II. The third generation, available from 1982 to 1992, was featured in the 1983 movie Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 and the 1984 movie Alphabet City. KITT, the automotive star of the popular 1980s TV series Knight Rider, was a modified third generation Trans Am. The fourth generation Trans Am, available from model years 1993 to 2002, offered between 275 and 325 horsepower.

Although the Trans Am nameplate was discontinued along with the Firebird in 2002, the body was used in the IROC Racing Series until the series' closing in 2006.